As spring arrives in Missouri, so do our native snakes emerging from hibernation. While most snakes are harmless, Missouri is home to several venomous species. They all belong to the pit viper family and have triangular heads, vertical/elliptical pupils, heat-sensing pits, hollow fangs and a single row of scales.

Recognize These Snakes?

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Eastern Copperhead

• The most common venomous snake in Missouri
• Recognizable by its light brown body with darker, hourglass-shaped bands
• Prefers forests, rocky hillsides and even suburban areas

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Western Cottonmouth / Water Moccasin

• Found in wetlands, rivers and lakes in southern Missouri
• Dark-colored with a thick body; opens its mouth wide to reveal a white interior when threatened

 

Timber Rattlesnake

• Missouri’s largest venomous snake growing up to 5 feet long
• Yellow, gray, or brown body with dark bands and a distinctive rattle at the tail end
• Lives in forests, bluffs and rocky outcrops, mostly in southern Missouri

 

Osage Copperhead

• A subspecies of the Eastern Copperhead found in northern and central Missouri
• Similar in appearance to the Eastern Copperhead with subtle regional color variations

 

Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake

• Rare and endangered in Missouri, primarily found in wet prairies and marshlands
• Smaller than the Timber Rattlesnake with grayish-brown coloring and a rattle

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All of these snakes play an important role in Missouri’s ecosystem by controlling rodent populations. However, encounters with these snakes can be dangerous for pets, especially curious dogs who may unknowingly provoke a bite. If your pet is bitten by a venomous snake, take immediate action to prevent serious complications.

What To Do If Your Pet Is Bitten

✔ Stay calm and keep your pet as still as possible to slow the spread of venom.
✔ DO NOT attempt to suck out the venom or apply a tourniquet.
✔ Keep the bite area BELOW heart level if possible.
✔ Seek veterinary care immediately – time is crucial.
✔ Call your vet or an emergency animal hospital on the way to let them know you’re coming.
✔ Try to identify the snake from a safe distance, but do not attempt to catch or kill it.
✔ Keep a pet first aid kit on hand, including gauze, antiseptic wipes, a digital thermometer, tweezers, an emergency blanket and your vet’s contact information.

Veterinary treatment may include antivenom, pain management and supportive care. Prompt attention can make all the difference in your pet’s recovery.